![]() Historic tribes encountered by Europeans and settlers from the United States included the Crow in the south-central area, the Cheyenne in the southeast, the Blackfeet, Assiniboine, and Gros Ventres in the central and north-central area, and the Kootenai and Salish in the west. ![]() Main article: History of Montana Early Indian treaty territories in Montana Assiniboine family, Montana, 1890–91įor thousands of years, various indigenous peoples have inhabited the land that is now Montana. Other names, such as Shoshone, were suggested, but the Committee on Territories decided that they had discretion to choose the name, so the original name of Montana was adopted. Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous, and thought a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. ![]() This time, representative Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name. When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. Harding (Oregon), who complained that Montana had "no meaning". The name was changed by representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. The name Montana was added in 1863 to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories (chaired at the time by James Ashley of Ohio) for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. Montaña del Norte ('Northern Mountain') was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west. The name Montana comes from the Spanish word montaña, which in turn comes from the Latin word montanea, meaning "mountain" or more broadly "mountainous country". Montana's fastest-growing sector is tourism, with 12.6 million tourists (as of 2019) visiting the state each year. The health care, service, defense, and government sectors are also significant to the state's economy. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. Its economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and " The Last Best Place". Mining, particularly around Butte and Helena, would remain the state's main economic engine through the mid-20th century. Rapid population growth and development culminated in statehood on November 8, 1889. ![]() The ensuing gold rush, along with the passage of the Homestead Acts in 1862, brought large numbers of American settlers to Montana. Fur trappers followed and were the main economic activity in the area until gold was discovered in 1852. Most of Montana first came under American sovereignty with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and was explored by the Lewis and Clark Expedition shortly thereafter. The western half of the state contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. Its capital is Helena, while the most populous city is Billings. It is the fourth-largest state by area, the eighth-least populous state, and the third-least densely populated state. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. Montana ( / m ɒ n ˈ t æ n ə/ ⓘ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. ![]()
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